Skip to main content

Summary: Eugene Nida (Principles of Correspondence)

Nida begins by asserting that given that "no two languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages. Hence, there can be no fully exact translations." While the impact of a translation may be close to the original, there can be no identity in detail.
Nida then sets forth the differences in translation, as he would account for it, within three basic factors: The nature of the message: in some messages the content is of primary consideration, and in others the form must be given a higher priority. The purpose of the author and of the translator: to give information on both form and content; to aim at full intelligibility of the reader so he/she may understand the full implications of the message; for imperative purposes that aim at not just understanding the translation but also at ensuring no misunderstanding of the translation.The type of audience: prospective audiences differ both in decoding ability and in potential interest.
Nida brings in the reminder that while there are no such things as "identical equivalents" in translating, what one must in translating seek to do is find the "closest natural equivalent". Here he identifies two basic orientations in translating based on two different types of equivalence: Formal Equivalence (F-E) and Dynamic Equivalence (D-E).
F-E focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. Such translations then would be concerned with such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept. Such a formal orientation that typifies this type of structural equivalence is called a "gloss translation" in which the translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully as possible the form and content of the original. The principles governing an F-E translation would then be: reproduction of grammatical units; consistency in word usage; and meanings in terms of the source context.
D-E on the other hand aims at complete "naturalness" of expression. A D-E translation is directed primarily towards equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form. The relationship between the target language receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original (source language) receptors and the message.

The principles governing a D-E translation then would be: conformance of a translation to the receptor language and culture as a whole; and the translation must be in accordance with the context of the message which involves the stylistic selection and arrangement of message constituents.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Reference To Context:: Learn it and get 5 out of Five marks

How to do RTC in the paper? Reference:       (According to poem) Context:          (According to Poem) Explanation: In these lines the poet tells about _______________. These lines have many layers of meanings. The upper meaning of these lines is very easy to understand even by the common reader. But the hidden meaning of these lines is complex and thought provoking. In these lines, the poet says that ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Rhyme scheme of these lines is ____________________. These lines give us a very important lesson. For Example. Explain the following with reference to context:                               ...
43 comments
Read more

Most Important Translation Paragraphs For Graduation+Inter Classes

1. ایک دفعہ حضور اکرم ﷺ ایک درخت کے نیچے آرام فرمارہے تھے ۔کہ ایک دشمن ہاتھ میں تلوار لیے اُدھر آ نکلا اور پوچھا میرے ہاتھ سے آپ ﷺ کو کون بچا سکتا ہے؟ حضور ﷺ نے جواب دیا میرا اللہ ! دشمن خوف سے کانپنے لگا اور تلوار اس کے ہاتھوں سے گرپڑہی ۔ حضور ﷺ  نے تلوار اُس پر تان کر اُسی کی بات دہرائی ۔ دشمن  نے کہا آ پ ﷺ ہی مجھے بچا سکتے ہیں۔ رسول خدا ﷺ نے فرمایا   " جس اللہ نے مجھے تم سے بچایا وہی تمیں بھی مجھ سے بچانے کی قدرت رکھتا ہے ۔ Once the Holy Prophet ( ﷺ ) was taking a rest under a tree. An enemy with a sword in his hand happened to come there. He asked the Holy prophet ( ﷺ ), “Who can save you from me?” The Holy prophet ( ﷺ ) replied, “My ALLAH!” The enemy began to tremble with fear and the sword fell down from his hand. Raising the sword on him, the Holy Prophet ( ﷺ ) repeated his words. The enemy said, “Only you can save me”. The Prophet of ALLAH ( ﷺ ) said, “ALLAH who saved me from you has the power to save you from me.” 2.ڈاکٹر اقبال ہمارے قومی شاعر ہیں۔ ...
8 comments
Read more

Explanation of All Poems: Book III, First Year English

Explanation of All Poems: Book III 1-The Rain REFERNCE:  These lines have taken from the poem ‘’The Rain’’ by W.H. Davies. CONTEXT:  The poem describes the beauty of rain. The falling rain on the leaves is a source of sweet music. The sunlight after the rain is also a scene to be enjoyed. However, a poor suffers from the unpleasant effect of rain. EXPLANATION:  In these lines, the poet tells us that, The poet has symbolically narrated the healthy effects of the rain on men. Here the rich leaves represent the rich people and the poor leaves stand for poor people. Thus it shows both the bright aspects of nature. 2-Night Mall REFERENCE:  These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Night Mall’’ by W.H Auden. CONTEXT:  This poem is a description of the journey of the night mall. We are told, how the train passes through farms, green fields and bushes. It brings mail for people belonging to every section of society. It emits smoke and makes no...
Post a Comment
Read more